Causation of Serial Killers Essay - 2039 Words

â€Å"I just know it’s a dark side of me. It kind of controls me. I personally think it’s- I know it’s not very Christian, but I actually think its demons within me† (Wenzl et al. 308). Dennis Rader, infamously known as BTK, commented about what he called his â€Å"factor X† above, which he claimed was his motive for killing. The demons within Rader supposedly caused him to murder four members from the Otero Family leaving the youngest daughter hanging in the basement nearly naked and gagged (Wenzl et al. 10). We now know that these demons within and â€Å"factor X† that Rader was referring to was his psychopathology, but we cannot ignore that these traits were triggered by early childhood experience. His early childhood experiences as in many other†¦show more content†¦In order to prevent this, he consumed and soaked himself in the blood of those he had slain (Brogaard). Chase suffered from paranoia as a result of his schizophrenia, making him believe that there actually were Nazis trying to kill him. Similar to Watts, Chase also lost his sense of reality allowing his paranoia to consume him and as a result he killed multiple people. This inability to differentiate between fantasy and reality is significant among all psychotic serial killers. Psychotic serial killers can also be triggered by their relationships with family members and loss of close relatives, such as in the case of Ed Gein (Morrison 51). Ed Gein was also a Schizophrenic, who began digging up graves and most notably skinning his victims to make suits consisting of women’s breasts and genitals (Morrison 52). People hypothesized that Gein wore these suits made from his female victims because he wanted a sex change (Brogaard). This is incorrect because in an interview with Morrison, Gein made it clear that they were wrong and they were only assumptions (quote and page). These criminal actions were triggered after the loss of his brother, father, and most importantly, his over-bearing mother (Morrison 51). The death of his family left Gein alone, and his psychosis disabled his ability to properly mourn and cope with the deaths. In order to cope with the death of his mother, GeinShow MoreRelatedEssay The Making of a Serial Killer, An Annotated Bibliograp hy1410 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Brogaard, Berit. The Making of a Serial Killer. Psychology Today. Sussex Directories, Inc., 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 03 May 2014. Berit Brogaard, D.M.Sci., Ph.D., is a Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Brogaard Lab for Multisensory Research at the University of Miami. She earned a medical degree in neuroscience and a doctorate in philosophy. This article explained the traits of a psychopath, such as their callous, manipulative, and cunning behavior, along withRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pages like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate. What is a serial killer? Eric Hickey (2012) in â€Å"Serial Killers: Defining Serial Murder† defines what a serial killer is exactlyRead MoreCharacteristics of Criminal Offenders810 Words   |  3 Pagesinfluential inherited traits are the willingness or the inability to refrain from becoming victim to one’s environment. Dustin Penn, review of Matt Ridley, 2003 book states that â€Å"Our behavior, he argues, is determined by circular rather than linear causation. The upshot is that the age-old nature versus nurture dichotomy is completely erroneous† (Penn Dustin, 2003). Nurture verses nature is one of the most argued scientific studies in corrections the debate is regarding the root cause of human behaviorsRead MoreNature Vs. Nature : Nature And Nurture969 Words   |  4 Pages Human beings are complicated and have complex personalities—and serial killers even more complex. Determining where these personalities come from, especially in serial killers, is a question o f speculation asked by psychologists. One theory, nature, is that who people are is determined by genetics. Another theory, nurture, is that people are who they are because of environment. Both theories are in fact correct; however, the cause of personality is not solely nature or nurture, but onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Dating Game Killer 1069 Words   |  5 Pages ‘The Dating Game Killer† April Smolkowicz Criminology 3200 Georgia Gwinnett College Introduction Rodney James Alcala is a California convicted serial killer. Alcala is also known as the â€Å"Dating Game Killer†, from when he was chosen in 1978, as a contestant on the ABC prime time show, â€Å"The Dating Game.† Alcala enrolled as a clerk in the U.S. Army in 1960, then in 1964 Alcala was discharged on medical grounds, after being diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder by a militaryRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreA Profile Report By Eric W1570 Words   |  7 PagesAileen Carol Wournos A profile Report by Eric W. Hickey (2015) described Aileen Carol Wuornos was a serial executioner who had murdered seven men, broadly accepted to be the United States first female serial executioner. She was indicted six for the killings and sentenced to death, at last meeting her end through execution by deadly infusion. The result of an exceptionally broken marriage, Aileen had been subjected to terrible torments as a young lady. Her dad was a psychopathic pedophile whoRead MoreTypes Of Crime And Crime1902 Words   |  8 Pagespicture of crime into sharper focus. Serial Murder, Mass Murder, and Spree Murder Serial murderers are defined as killing more than three people over an extended period of time, mass murderers kill multiple people at the same place and time, and spree murderers kill several people within a fairly narrow span of time, which can range from a few hours to a few days. The primary differentiation between serial, mass and spree murderers is that of time. Additionally, serial murderers tend to have some successRead MoreThe Psycopathic Mental and Personality Disordr of Charles Manson2047 Words   |  9 Pagesschools for crime causation will help to try to understand Charles Manson, his childhood, adult live, and life of crime. Charles Manson Charles Manson was not any ordinary man. He did not have a happy child hood, even in his teen years, and most of his life has been spent incarcerated. The schools of crime causation and some of their theories will analyze Charles Manson from his childhood to his life of crime to see what made Manson turn to one of the most notorious serial killers of all timeRead MoreThe Green River Killer : Avoidable Or Inescapable?902 Words   |  4 PagesThe Green River Killer: Avoidable or Inescapable? Gary Leon Ridgway, better known to the general public as The Green River Killer, was a prolific serial killer whose chosen hunting grounds were Washington State during the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Ridgway’s victims of choice were prostitutes and underage runaways, which he strangled and whose bodies’ he dumped in wooded areas along the Green River, inciting the pseudonym the Green River Killer. Reportedly, he often returned to the dumbed bodies

The Effects Of Drinking Water On The United States

It is often believed that unsafe drinking water is strictly a critical health issue in impoverished third world countries. However, in recent years in the United States, one of the most developed countries in the world, we are experiencing multiple incidences of widespread public water contamination. In 2014, news stations across America were flooded with the devastating water crisis in Flint, Michigan and though this is the most recent occurrence, it is not an isolated incident. Though Flint was the most widely recognized incident, in the same year two other distressing cases of unsafe tap water also occurred in two other United States cities. While several of these cases of water contamination in the U.S. have been unintentional, other†¦show more content†¦During the late 60’s and early 70’s a series of studies were conducted on public water supplies due to health concerns, which concluded that many treatment facilities were inadequate (2000). In an effort to address public health concerns, Congress enacted the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974, which was amended in 1986 and 1996 (2000). The SDWA outlines the federal standards for public drinking water, waste management, protection of drinking water sources, and the financial infrastructure for projects (Tiemann, 2014). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for enforcing policies and regulations concerning public drinking water. The EPA estimates that the U.S. contains approximately 155,000 public water systems (Environmental Protection Agency, 2015). The three main water systems include community water, which include residential buildings, transient non-community water, which include campgrounds and gas stations, and non-transient non-community water, which include hospitals and schools (Environmental Protection Agency, 2015). Community water comes from surface water, such as rivers and lakes or from ground water in wells (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). However, individual water systems, which include streams, ponds, bottled water, and privately owned wells, are not regulated by federal standards (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The EPA

Essentials Of Ethics Business Communication - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Essentials Of Ethics Business Communication. Answer: Personal roles responsibilities in a project Engineers at the senior level can bring the difference and reduce the risk level considerably. The project manager can ensure the adherence to all safety rules policies at the workplace. The responsibilities and the effects may vary from one sector to another. For example, a project manager leading a project on software will have an altogether different external environment than the one who is leading a team in a construction field. However, in both situations, the project manager can effectively reduce the environmental vulnerability (Hwang and Ng 2013). I can explain all these because I am working on a project, which is aimed at constructing a supermarket store. I am one of the members of the team, which is engaged in the project. Being one of the members of the project team, I have very little opportunity to contribute to the sustainable practices. However, I have tried to contribute to a maximum level. I did inform any identified risk such as the absenteeism of labors. Absenteeism can significantly delay the projects. This may also put the burden on the production costs as the number of days will increase then. Henceforth, there will be a reduction in the marginal profit. I was much disciplined with my job responsibilities. I believe discipline is an important key to get the work done. A disciplined workforce will probably yield better results (Hwang and Ng 2013). Sustainability in engineering Sustainability in engineering can be attained in many ways. This can be attained through employees behavior. If they are disciplined they will be able to complete the project within the set deadline. Moreover, these are enough reasons for a company to get various new projects. This will help to maintain a healthy flow of cash. The company will have sufficient funds with them, which they could utilize in various CSR related projects. Making investments in CSR projects is a common practice these days. These are a very good source to experience a sustainable business (Rosen 2013). Engineering works, in particular, the construction-related engineering works are delayed due to various reasons that also include the unprofessional behavior of employees. It is my perception that if employees are professional in behavior, this will help to improve the lagging performance of engineering projects. Professional behavior will help to reduce the absenteeism and enhance the efficiency level of workers. Moreover, this will help the engineering projects to attain sustainability (Rosen 2013). Sustainability is affected by different factors that also include a half-hearted commitment of workers. The commitment can be affected by indiscipline behavior such as making unnecessary absenteeism and working half-heartedly. According to me, sustainability in engineering works can be defined as a stage where all the stakeholders are equally committed to a single mission (Rosen 2013). Two values Self-esteem and integrity are the two values that I believe will help me to respond in a conflicting situation. Ethical conflicts are possible in an engineering project. In such situation, this will be challenging to hold the hand of ethical values. I follow ethical rules at the workplace. This is required as well. There are two characteristics in me that help me to be ethical. Those values are self-esteem and integrity. I had these two values in me because of my family background. I have been brought up in such an environment where self-esteem and integrity are given high values. The self-respect in me encourages me to do the thing that will add values to my self-esteem. For example, doing my work within the deadline and with full dedication is an example of self-esteem. I am against absenteeism and report the absenteeism of any staff to my senior project manager. This is an example of integrity in me that encourages supporting the truth (Den Hartog and Belschak 2012). Teamwork and the related challenges Teamwork means a lot of things, which includes both the benefits and the challenges. There are benefits as this gives ample of time to learn from others. On the other hand, conflicting thoughts will be a challenge for the every team member. The degree of handling the challenging situation varies from one people to another. This means that some employees have the required ability to counter the challenge. On the other hand, some employees fail to counter the challenge. There can be ample of reasons behind it; however, ethicality is the one quality that creates the difference in between the employees (Lilian 2014). Different situation requires different strategies to mitigate its complexities. Version control is one of the challenges that test the intelligence of different employees. Engineering employees are required to work with different versions of the software. Moreover, a versatile approach is indeed required. Some employees find this difficult to integrate them with the changed version of the document. However, some find this comparatively easier to understand the updated version of the document (Lilian 2014). One of such instances has happened at our workplace. The new version of the document was indeed challenging for few of our team members. However, the problem was finally resolved. I had taken the leadership position to make others understand the new version of the document. I tried to relate them with the few modifications that were the part of the updated version of the document. The extensive effort that I put had paid off. Every single member is now well versed in the changed document. They did also share useful information using the updated version of the document. Moreover, the sheer effort that I put on making them understand had produced surprising results. Finally, the updated version was much more transparent to us (Lilian 2014). Effective communication and E-mail Effective communication is indeed required at a professional place. Moreover, specific modes of communication are used at the professional place. E-mail is one of such resources, which is used to establish professional communication (Guffey and Loewy 2012). I had got a chance to send a professional E-mail to our facilitator. The e-mail was high on professional. I had sent the mail to highlight an issue. I had highlighted the issue; however, I had also maintained the official etiquettes. I had politely acknowledged our facilitator by saying respected sir. I initially tried to draw his attention towards the issue. Gradually, I moved to the purpose of sending the mail. I respectfully highlighted the issue and also addressed its severity to our facilitator. At the end of the mail, I had asked for his heartiest cooperation. This was indeed a professional communication. I had cared the essentials of e-mail. I tried to be professional and relevant to the purpose. The professionalism that I had constructed through the mail has also helped to attract the heartiest supports of our facilitator (Guffey and Loewy 2012). Figure 1: Example of an Unprofessional Mock E-mail (Source: Guffey and Loewy 2012) This is an example of an unprofessional e-mail. This is due to several facts that also include the greeting style where Hi is mentioned before Dr. Greene. Additionally, there are no regards at the end. Moreover, there was no acknowledgment was given to the receiver such as respected sir. Moreover, the body of the mail was very casual indeed. It had missed professional in it. Moreover, lots of questions have been asked through this email. However, the inefficiency to communicate properly had hampered the success (Guffey and Loewy 2012). References Den Hartog, D.N. and Belschak, F.D., 2012. Work engagement and Machiavellianism in the ethical leadership process.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.35-47. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012.Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Lilian, S.C., 2014. Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp.1251-1261. Rosen, M.A., 2013. Engineering and sustainability: Attitudes and actions.Sustainability,5(1), pp.372-386.

Life is a Dream Analysis Essay Example

Life is a Dream Analysis Paper Baric lived during a period of Spain where Innovations in the fields of art and literature flourished ? el Sigil De ROR ? ushering In new ideas and thought processes that coincided with much of Western Europe In the 14th-17th centuries. His play Life Is a Dream Involves many complex themes (some of which were considered revolutionary at the time), but Its most prominent one is the plays function as an allegory to the concept of free will and predestination. Clarions fall dialogue after his sudden death from a gunshot wound in Act Ill reveals his attitude award free will. He claims it is useless against the force of destiny and that one will die if its Gods will that you die before falling off stage (Baric 82). However, he dies before a critical point in the play; right before Segundo ultimately fulfills the prophecy of having Basilicas beard at his feet, and then invalidating it by falling to submission at his feet and showing a willingness to forgive him. The closeness of these events occurring Is not merely Just coincidence, especially when linked with character analysis. Clarion In the story is typified as the gracious, or the foolish/clown character, the one that gets Into trouble (such as when he fooled the soldiers Into thinking he was Glissando). Glissando on the other hand Is the protagonist, and as an audience we are Inclined to sympathize with him through his struggle of Waking up in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Life is a Dream Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life is a Dream Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life is a Dream Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is quite tragic (and ironic) that Clarion dies with such fleeting words right before he can see Segundo dismiss them. With this into light, it seems that Baric is undermining the concept of predestination by associating it with owlish characters (King Basilica, Clarion) and free will with strong characters that the audience can associate with (Segundo). This conclusion makes even more sense in the pretext of when and where Life is a Dream was published. Spain in 1 636 was a nation still deeply rooted in Catholicism at a time when the rest of Europe surged with the Reformation movement over a century ago, and Baric creating a play where the protagonist rights himself through his own deeds In the end, thus predestining him to a good life, Is a Catholic dogma. In stark contrast is the Protestant Calvinist standpoint where God wills who he predestines regardless of a persons merits ? because their life has already been determined ? much like Clarions sentiment in his closing dialogue (McLaughlin). Free will is further explored in other parts of the play. King Basils conclusion in Act I that his son would turn evil and kill him because the sun Was fiercely entering a Joust with the moon during Smudginess birth is reminiscent of medieval superstitions of such occurrences bringing about misfortune (18). Smudginess triumph over the hysterics of his predestined fate is based on his perspective that life is like a dream in that it passes by Just as ephemerally, and thus it should be lived with the good In mind.

Free Essays on Morris’ Use Of Disillusionment In The Haystack In The Floods

Fear, hopelessness, suffering and finally detachment take hold of our protagonist, Jehane, in William Morris’ â€Å"The Haystack in the Floods.† Being put through a slow and tedious journey that ends in trauma, Jehane will fall through all of the stages of disillusionment. An analysis and explanation of these stages will be made to argue the wonderful use of this disillusionment. In the lines â€Å"Had she come all the way for this, / To part at last without a kiss?†(1-2) and â€Å"That her own eyes might see him slain/ Beside the haystack in the floods?†(4-5) Morris uses the method of antypophora, the use of a question and answer to foreshadow events to come. In the next stanza Jehane recounts the trials of their journey. Jehane is introduced as a loyal lover following her knight even though she is exhausted and fearful of the situation at hand. â€Å"She rode astride as troopers do; With kirtle kilted at her knee, To which the mud splash’d wretchedly; And the wet dripp’d from every tree Upon her head and heavy hair, And on her eyelids broad and fair; The tears and rain ran down her face.† (8-14) Morris uses the dismal darkness of the rain and the hiding of her tears to show her strength as a person. However, her strength is beginning to dwindle. â€Å"Ah me! she had but little ease; And often for pure doubt and dread She sobb'd, made giddy in the head By the swift riding; while, for cold, Her slender fingers scarce could hold The wet reins; yea, and scarcely, too, She felt the foot within her shoe Against the stirrup: all for this, To part at last without a kiss Beside the haystack in the floods.† (22-31) The numbness of Jehane’s hands and feet represent the mental pain she is enduring. Because she can’t feel her hands she struggles to hold on to the reigns. This is a foreshadowing her inability to hold her sanity in later stanzas the work. Her personal weakness momentarily showing through invok... Free Essays on Morris’ Use Of Disillusionment In The Haystack In The Floods Free Essays on Morris’ Use Of Disillusionment In The Haystack In The Floods Fear, hopelessness, suffering and finally detachment take hold of our protagonist, Jehane, in William Morris’ â€Å"The Haystack in the Floods.† Being put through a slow and tedious journey that ends in trauma, Jehane will fall through all of the stages of disillusionment. An analysis and explanation of these stages will be made to argue the wonderful use of this disillusionment. In the lines â€Å"Had she come all the way for this, / To part at last without a kiss?†(1-2) and â€Å"That her own eyes might see him slain/ Beside the haystack in the floods?†(4-5) Morris uses the method of antypophora, the use of a question and answer to foreshadow events to come. In the next stanza Jehane recounts the trials of their journey. Jehane is introduced as a loyal lover following her knight even though she is exhausted and fearful of the situation at hand. â€Å"She rode astride as troopers do; With kirtle kilted at her knee, To which the mud splash’d wretchedly; And the wet dripp’d from every tree Upon her head and heavy hair, And on her eyelids broad and fair; The tears and rain ran down her face.† (8-14) Morris uses the dismal darkness of the rain and the hiding of her tears to show her strength as a person. However, her strength is beginning to dwindle. â€Å"Ah me! she had but little ease; And often for pure doubt and dread She sobb'd, made giddy in the head By the swift riding; while, for cold, Her slender fingers scarce could hold The wet reins; yea, and scarcely, too, She felt the foot within her shoe Against the stirrup: all for this, To part at last without a kiss Beside the haystack in the floods.† (22-31) The numbness of Jehane’s hands and feet represent the mental pain she is enduring. Because she can’t feel her hands she struggles to hold on to the reigns. This is a foreshadowing her inability to hold her sanity in later stanzas the work. Her personal weakness momentarily showing through invok...

New Urbanism Planning and Design

New Urbanism Planning and Design New Urbanism is an urban planning and design movement that began in the United States in the early 1980s. Its goals are to reduce dependence on the car, and to create livable and walkable, neighborhoods with a densely packed array of housing, jobs, and commercial sites. New Urbanism also promotes a return to the traditional town planning seen in places such as downtown Charleston, South Carolina and Georgetown in Washington, D.C. These locations are ideal for New Urbanists because in each one there is an easily walkable Main Street, a downtown park, shopping districts and a gridded street system. History of New Urbanism In the beginning of the 19th century, development of American cities often took a compact, mixed-use form, reminiscent of that found in places like old town Alexandria, Virginia. With the development of the streetcar and affordable rapid transit, however, cities began to spread out and create streetcar suburbs. The later invention of the automobile further increased this decentralization from the central city which later led to separated land uses and urban sprawl. New Urbanism is a reaction to the spreading out of cities. The ideas then began to spread in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as urban planners and architects started to come up with plans to model cities in the U.S. after those in Europe. In 1991, New Urbanism developed more strongly when the Local Government Commission, a nonprofit group in Sacramento, California, invited several architects, including Peter Calthorpe, Michael Corbett, Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk among others, to Yosemite National Park to develop a set of principles for land use planning that focused on the community and its livability. The principles, named after Yosemites Ahwahnee Hotel where the conference was held, are called the Ahwahnee Principles. Within these, there are 15 community principles, four regional principles and four principles of implementation. Each one, however, deals with both past and present ideas to make cities as clean, walkable and livable as possible. These principles were then presented to government officials in late 1991 at the Yosemite Conference for Local Elected Officials. Shortly thereafter, some of the architects involved in creating the Ahwahnee Principles formed the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) in 1993. Today, CNU is the leading promoter of New Urbanist ideas and has grown to over 3,000 members. It also holds conferences yearly in cities across the U.S. to further promote New Urbanism design principles. Core New Urbanist Ideas Within the concept of New Urbanism today, there are four key ideas. The first of these is to ensure that a city is walkable. This means that no resident should need a car to get anywhere in the community and they should be no more than a five-minute walk from any basic good or service. To achieve this, communities should invest in sidewalks and narrow streets. In addition to actively promoting walking, cities should also de-emphasize the car by placing garages behind homes or in alleys. There should also only be on-street parking, instead of large parking lots. Another core idea of New Urbanism is that buildings should be mixed both in their style, size, price, and function. For example, a small townhouse can be placed next to a larger, single family home. Mixed-use buildings such as those containing commercial spaces with apartments over them are also ideal in this setting. Finally, a New Urbanist city should have a strong emphasis on the community. This means maintaining connections between people with high density, parks, open spaces and community gathering centers like a plaza or neighborhood square. Examples of New Urbanist Cities Although New Urbanist design strategies have been tried in various places across the U.S., the first fully developed New Urbanist town was Seaside, Florida, designed by architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. Construction began there in 1981 and almost immediately, it became famous for its architecture, public spaces, and quality of streets. The Stapleton neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, is another example of New Urbanism in the U.S. It is on the site of the former Stapleton International Airport and construction began in 2001. The neighborhood is zoned as residential, commercial and office and will be one of the largest in Denver. Like Seaside, it too will de-emphasize the car but it will also have parks and open space. Criticisms of New Urbanism Despite the popularity of New Urbanism in the recent decades, there have been some criticisms of its design practices and principles. The first of these is that the density of its cities leads to a lack of privacy for residents. Some critics claim that people want detached homes with yards so they are further away from their neighbors. By having mixed density neighborhoods and possibly sharing driveways and garages, this privacy is lost. Critics also say that New Urbanist towns feel inauthentic and isolated because they do not represent the norm of settlement patterns in the U.S. Many of these critics often point to Seaside as it was used to film portions of the film The Truman Show and as a model of Disneys community, Celebration, Florida. Finally, critics of New Urbanism argue that instead of promoting diversity and community, New Urbanist neighborhoods only attract affluent white residents as they often become very expensive places to live. Regardless of these criticisms though, New Urbanist ideas are becoming a popular form of planning communities and with a growing emphasis on mixed-use buildings, high density settlements, and walkable cities, its principles will continue into the future.

Project Management - Business Research Methods Essay

Project Management - Business Research Methods - Essay Example A novel (N) research question confirms, refutes or extends existing knowledge from previous research work (Foddy 1993). It should be stated in ethical terms (E) and forming a basis of acceptable research issues with the intention of developing intellectual information while respecting leadership within the scope. Relevant (R) information from the research is evaluated on value added to current of future research. An appropriate research question for this project would be: To what extent is project management implemented in organizations and how does this impact on project success? The text selected contains relevant information because it is a report on a qualitative research into project management practice in business organizations (Cassell & Symon 1994). Main objectives for the qualitative research include: i. Which practice within forma PM standards are being used by practitioners and is there variation in extent of use of different practices? ii. Does project context influence P M standards implemented? iii. Is there a valid relationship between PM standard practice and project success? (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). A critical analysis of this text generates relevant responses to the research question on the specific target population being project managers who are expected to being in charge of organizational projects (Foddy 1993). Evaluating relative significance of details provided in the text guides critical evaluation of current trends in PM practice and evidence supporting such events. Result reliability is handled by the use of wide population sample from a registered project management association with membership from different industries. Correlation of quantitative data into deriving field practice information provides an insight into how statistical information can be interpreted in business research into relevant conclusions (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). The text provides a standard perspective of actual PM practice in th e region studies highlighting existing information deficits which could form a basis for further investigation. Question2 The business management journal is a research oriented report based on empirical information from a survey done in the project management institute Baltimore chapter. Factual information on real projects formed the basis for the data analysis to derive informed conclusion on PM practices. The objective of the survey was to assess the extent of policy implementation and its impact of the project and business success (Foddy 1993). However, the report borrows widely from existing project management policies and theoretical information such as the PMI guidelines and PM theories suggested by other authors (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). Comparing suggested idea in practice against actual implementation provided a basis to evaluate transmission of theoretical knowledge in the business context and the effect on effectiveness and efficiency of business projects (Jankowicz 2006). This report expound on findings from previous investigations hence developing of the information available for practitioners reference in improving training and service delivery. Question3 From the literature analysis, it

Summary+Discussion+Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary+Discussion+Question - Essay Example this kind of behavior from any of these countries but the violation of human rights and killings of innocent in Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen and Pakistan. Terrorism should be confronted in a way that justice is given to everyone and no one is deprived of their liberty to live. Innocent should be protected and culprits should be punished. Terrorism should be confronted like the Norwegians did after the attack in Oslo, not by ding arbitrary arrests and all. Confronting terrorism is showing the world and the terrorists that we have a better option for both the parties and we can solve the issues properly by talks but not by fighting and killing innocent people. Many terrorist organizations have recently shown serious interests in using nuclear weapons for their evil purposes and if used the results could be devastating, killing millions of people around the world. Steps need to be taken by the major organizations and super powers of the world as these threats are not at all fictional but pose a real threat to the world. so far these efforts does not seem to be enough but if proper measures are taken the issue can be resolved. Ans. Hostage taking certainly is an act of terror. If we see the effects of this action on the people that have gone through this experience we will see that they have a long lasting mental and psychological effect on them, affecting their personal and social life. Hostages are kept by terrorists than how could it not be an act of terrorism. Terrorists who have done something wrong and are afraid of being captured and punished keep hostages to flee and continue their activities spreading more terrorism proving that hostage taking is an act of terrorism indeed. BRILL, KENNETH C., and KENNETH N. LUONGO. "Nuclear Terrorism - A Clear Danger - NYTimes.com." NY Times Advertisement. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2012.

Athletic Leadership Development Program Essay Example for Free

Athletic Leadership Development Program Essay There is great need to develop effective athletic management programs in high schools. Apart from the fact that students derive direct benefit from such programs, it is also a good training resource since todays high school athletes will eventually take shape as tomorrows sports leaders as coaches, trainers, athletic administrators, sports physicians, sports psychologists and other capacities (Lanasa, Ciletti Lackman, 2005). High school is a very important stage in which students prepare for the future by getting a good education, making friends and participate in other activities such as athletics. It is unfortunate, that many schools have adopted budget cuts that under provide for sports, taking the opinion that money would be better spent on academics. Though it is right that academics come first, sacrificing high school sports is dangerous to the students’ high school experience as it affects their ability to perform at optimum academic levels (Amorose Horn, 2000). Sports are also an important component that helps students develop into well-rounded adults who give full benefits to the country at large. INTRODUCTION This paper will carry out a literature review to illustrate how a School Athletic Leadership Plan works to give students full benefits. In extension, the school as an institution also derives high levels of achievement and satisfaction from the same. It will show how students with an interest in the field of training and treatment of athletes can effectively be prepared by the school athletic training programs. They are a perfect opportunity of gaining college and career preparation. These programs give an appropriate opportunity to the attainment of information, certification, scholarships and networking for students (MacGregor, 2005). HOW TO DEVELOP A LEADERSHIP PROGRAM This section will evaluate the leadership program adopted by Wheeler High School in Indiana. It presents a situation that is appropriate to most high schools where there are potentially good players but their hopes and targets fail to materialize due to lack of a well organized sports framework and leadership in the school. On evaluation of the progress and areas that need change, Snodgrass notes that the foremost problem was the lack of player leadership in the students’ teams coupled with the lack of senior talent (2005). Borrowing from the plan adopted by this school, this paper will give guidelines on how a school athletic leadership plan can be developed. Structure of the program An effective leadership program should start by identifying players that can participate in the plan. For starters, the first class could be made up of six senior and two junior students who would meet weekly for two to three hours over a ten week period (Snodgrass, 2005). In this period, they would they would participate in the curriculum by carrying out the following; Interaction They are expected to visit and spend one or two hours in the curriculum each night (Snodgrass, 2005). From this interaction, the head of the plan identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the selected team by observing how they interact and how committed they are. This is the stage at which the leaders and those with skills valuable to the plan are identified. As they share ideas, hopes and aspirations, this pilot group can come up with an excellent blueprint of the plan since they are better positioned to know what would work with their fellow student athletes and what would not. Activities strengthening core values The activities that strengthen core values are important as they set the plan in motion with the rest of the student athletes. The pilot group of eight should each be assigned a group of student with which they carry out these activities. This could occur in class for discussions and after knowing each other, the group members should engage in out of class activities. Group leaders are expected to call incoming players and engage with them with an aim of getting to know them intimately (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This is a very important step as the group leaders get in a position to identify strengths and weaknesses that might be hidden from the coaches and teachers. This enables the teams to avoid failures that commonly arise from the lack of proper understanding within the team. Leadership in youth camps The eight members of the pilot team should serve as counselor at the summer youth camp. They are expected to take up roles such as teaching a position, coaching the team in flag football, running the punt-pass-kick contest etc (Young Edmonson, 2010). It should involve activities such as story narrations to emphasize the importance of team playing. The plan should be sure to implement a youth summer camp. The Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology underscores the importance of such camps in the development of leadership plans. It is from such camps that the members emerge as a team understanding each other, with strong leadership and ready to work together (Fiedler, 2002). The above activities lay the foundation on which the plan can be built upon. After getting the required individuals to spearhead the program and the necessary team sprit, the plan can proceed into the next step in which it formally assembles the best ideas and strategies for the leadership program in form of a blueprint discussed in the following section. PLANNING THE BLUEPRINT Snodgrass defines a blueprint as the process of designing a leadership program in any field from start to finish (2005). It guides the implementation of the whole process and it gives guidelines on how to check progress and success levels. This paper will provide a blueprint that is divided into steps as follows; Step 1: Assembling the planning team According to the program adopted by the Leigh University for the summer of 2007, the planning team should comprise all the key stakeholders to build a program that is acceptable campus wide (Fiedler, 2002). It is imperative to ensure that all individual stakeholders understand the importance of athletics in the life of the students. Teachers and other members of staff should be ready to sacrifice some academic hours in order to bring the plan into track. In this university, the team consisted of coaches from the Athletic Department, administrators and student-athletes as well as staff from the Dean of Student’s Office to attain a healthy balance (Young Edmonson, 2010). They should meet weekly to discuss the rest of the steps in the blueprint. Step 2: Conducting a leadership audit â€Å"The leadership audit is a systematic assessment of leadership development opportunities at the institution and beyond. A complete audit includes both internal and external reviews and inventories all leadership opportunities† (Lanasa, Ciletti Lackman, 2005). Internal audit: The information from this audit should find out whether there are other leadership initiatives on campus in which student-athletes can participate (). Fiddler finds that often these programs are not designed to directly increase the value of the student’s leadership and do not fundamentally impact Athletics as a whole(Amorose Horn, 2000). There should be goal setting and skill building workshops that are conducive to the unique schedules of student-athletes and athletics department staff. External audit: This involves researching specific leadership opportunities at other institutions. This should particularly look for leadership development programs and delivery options within other institutions (Robinson Skinner, 2008). It can be done in neighboring schools that have highly successful leadership development programs to identify crucial aspects that can be adopted. It can also be done online or from other literature on the issue to set good standards for a comprehensive plan. Step 3: Identification of an anchor The anchor is another crucial aspect of the plan that should be in place. Young and Edmonson define it as the â€Å"existing institutional purpose, outreach or reason that makes the program’s efforts essential and justifies the investment of time, energy and resources to support the effort (2010). It helps in the acceptance of the plan since it does not appear as something totally alien. For instance the mission statement of Lehigh University is; â€Å"To advance learning through the integration of teaching, research, and service to others† (Young and Edmonson, 2010). To be in tandem with the school’s mission statement, the Lehigh Athletics Mission Statement could be made to capture that of the institute, e. g. â€Å"Our mission in the Lehigh Athletics Department is to advance learning to develop leadership, and to foster personal growth through comprehensive athletics programming. † (Young and Edmonson, 2010). This way, the plan manages to entrench itself within existing institutional goals and hence all stakeholders can comfortably identify with it and work towards its implementation. As such, teachers for instance would drop their hard line stance towards the plan as they feel it helps in academics. Step 4: Determining the scope The scope is the extent of the leadership experience which encompasses aspects such as how deep the program will be embedded in institutional culture and the programmatic mission and learning objectives (Robinson Skinner, 2008). The scope should be connected to the vision, mission, and learning outcomes of the school’s sports department. Vision: the plan should be aimed at cultivating a culture of leadership which encourages self-awareness, commitment to team playing, and emphasis on values and actions that enhance a good athletic experience. (Amorose Horn, 2000) Mission: the sports department should use the plan to complement and support the larger missions of the institution as a whole. This can be achieved with the use of the transformational leadership theory that enhances student’s leadership skills and understanding (Fiedler, 2002). It should accomplish a sense of community among al stakeholders focusing on the value of positive leadership. Learning outcomes: these are the benefits that the students should derive from participating in the Athletic Leadership Program. Firstly, they enhance their knowledge of basic leadership skills and principles. Others are interpersonal skills, integrity, peer motivation, self awareness and the value of diversity in every situation (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This will enhance their wellbeing in every field of life in school and beyond. Step 5: Shaping the philosophy A philosophy is important in shaping an appropriate vision, mission and goals for a comprehensive Athletic Leadership Program. Robison and Skinner put forward two examples of philosophy that can be used to achieve this end. They do so by addressing the unique needs of student-athletes, teams and coaches (2008). The Transformational Leadership Theory is the primary philosophy in which the program is embedded. â€Å"It describes a course of action where both leaders and participants engage in a mutual, ongoing process of raising one another to higher levels of motivation, moral reasoning, and self-consciousness† (Robinson Skinner, 2008). This encourages collaboration and interdependence within participants by appealing to social and community focused values. Principle-Centered Leadership Theory: this theory is based on principle based leadership. Leaders are required to center their practices in natural based practices. Their values can only be effective if they remain true to these guiding principles, which are identified as; â€Å"continually learning, service-oriented, radiate positive energy, believe in other people, lead balanced lives, see life as an adventure, are synergistic, and exercise for self-renewal† (Robinson Skinner, 2008). Step 6: Selecting delivery framework These are the strategies and individuals to be used for teaching participants about leadership. This includes positional leaders and emerging ones. Positional leaders include coaches and captains who are directly responsible of development of athleticism in individual-student athletes which will ultimately lead them to winning championships (Fiedler, 2002). Emerging leaders include students joining the program and those who have been it for a while and want to further their leadership skills. This way, the plan ensures that it has a never ending supply of talent and new leadership, i. e. it is sustainable. Step 7: Select Assessment and Evaluation Strategies This step ensures that intentional assessment and evaluation tools will are available. It is recommended that the implementation of the blueprint is assessed after the first full year of implementation. The tools to be used for this assessment may include â€Å"focus groups, student-athlete exit interviews, pre- and post-surveys, student-athlete post-season evaluations, etc† (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This process is meant to explore needs, outcomes and satisfaction derived from the plan. CONCLUSION A School Athletic Leadership Plan like the one outlined above will go a long way in accomplishing a varied range of needs in the school. It clearly shows the need to implement an effective plan from which students can derive numerous benefits. The step by step process is imperative in creating a leadership program which is self sustaining and which is deeply rooted in the institutional goals and vision. This ensures that it is embraced by all. REFERENCES Amorose, A. J, and Horn T. S (2000). Intrinsic Motivation: relationship with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 22(1), 63 – 84. Fiedler, F. E (2002). Proactive ways to improve leadership performance. Handbook of organizational consulting psychology, 76 – 105, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Lanasa, J. , Ciletti, D. and Lackman, R. (2005). Designing a Model for Improved Outcomes Among Students- Athletes in Sports Education. Left Coast Press. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://lcoastpress. metapress. com/index/6jp60m3240x253mm. pdf MacGregor, G. M. (2005). Designing Student Leadership Programs: Transforming the Leadership Potential of Youth. Youthleadership. com Robison, T. I and Skinner, T. (2008). The Athlete and the Grade Change. Cases in Educational Leadership. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://jel. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/106 Snodgrass, S. (2005). Building a high school leadership program. Gale, Cengage Learning. University of Wisconsin. (2007). A Grounded Theory Of High Quality Leadership Programs: Perspectives From Student Leadership Development Programs In Higher Education. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Young, J. and Edmonson, S. (2010). High School Athletic Directors and Educational Leadership Traits: A Conceptual Analysis of the Literature. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://www. ncpeapublications. org/attachments/article/33/m34613. pdf

The Ambivalence Of Abortion :: essays research papers

The Ambivalence of Abortion Whether or not abortion is morally right or wrong, the fact remains that a woman has the right to make her own decisions. If a woman decides to have an abortion it is her right to do as she pleases with her body. It is understandable that many may disagree with abortion being legal, but that is no reason not to allow others to have a different opinion. Nevertheless, the question of whether abortion is morally right should be left up the conscience of the woman whom is making the decision and not through judging eyes not going through the same situation. There are more pros than cons to having an abortion. For instance, a woman with a family of four who are barely surviving discovers she is pregnant. She decides to have an abortion because she cant afford the baby. That might have saved the world of another sad story of a mother abusing and neglecting her unwanted child. Unfortunately, sometimes a mother can run the risk of death if they go through with the pregnancy. Would it be fair to let the mother of two young children die because SOME PEOPLE don't believe in abortion? On the other hand, it may be true that young women are taking advantage of the fact that they can easily have an abortion. Some say they are substituting birth control with abortion. Nevertheless, no one ever said we can't place restrictions on abortion but we can't let one bad apple spoil the whole bunch. The fact remains that although some might take advantage of the situation, it is unconstitutional to deny the opportunity to someone who REALLY has no other alternative but abortion. Every woman (and person) has the right to make their own decisions. No one has the right to deny another of their own opinion. Some may not believe in or agree with abortion and that's perfectly fine but it does not give them the right to deny others of the option. Finally, a woman has the right to decide whether or not to have an abortion and whether or not to feel guilty

Credit Creation Essay

1.0INTRODUCTION With introduction and use of money, credit also came into existence. Credit is created when one party (it can be person, group of people, firm or an institution) lends money to another party, the borrowers. The act of borrowing creates both credit and debit. Debt means the obligation to pay the finance borrowed and credit means the claim to receive this money payment from the other party. Every credit involves debt, that is obligation to pay money and therefore creates claim. 1.1 Definition of important terms 1.1.1 Credit is generally understood to mean the finance provided to others at certain rate of interest (Mudida 2003).The act of borrowing and lending and there by the creation of credit is a special type of exchange transaction which involves future payments of the principle sum borrowed as well as rate of interest on it. The lending and borrowing of money and institution of money lending came into practice since money was invited by man (ibid). 1.1.2 Commercial Bank is a business organization which deals in money, it borrow and lend money in with purpose of generating profit Ahuja 2008). 1.1.3 Central Bank, Reserve Bank or Monetary Authority is a public institution that manages a state’s currency, money supply, and interest rates. Central banks also usually oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the nation’s monetary base, and usually also prints the national currency, which usually serves as the nation’s legal tender (www.en.wikipedia.org). 2.0HOW BANKS CREATE CREDITS The source of money supply in the form of currency is circulation in Central Bank. It ensures the availability of currency to meet the transaction needs of the economy. The total volume of money in the economy should be adequate to facilitate the various types of economic activities such as production, distribution and consumption. The commercial banks are the second most important source of money supply. The money that commercial banks supply is called credit money. The process of credit creation begins with banks lending money out of primary deposits. Primary deposits are those deposits which are deposited in banks. Bank cannot lend entire primary deposits as they are required to maintain a certain proportion of primary deposits in the form of reserve with the Central bank and Banking regulation act. After maintaining the required reserves, the bank can lend the remaining portion of primary deposit and here the process of credit creation starts. Suppose there are a number of commercial Banks in the banking system – Bank 1 is required to maintain a cash reserve at let say 10% (which is decided by BoT). Bank one has to keep 1000 which is 10% of TZS10000. The remaining TZS9000 can be lent to another customer let say b, where bank 1 will open an account in the name of borrower cheque for the loan amount. At the end of deposits and lending, the balance sheet of bank 1 will be as follows:- The amount advanced to D will return ultimately to the banking system as described in case of B and process of deposits and credit creation will continue until the reserve with banks is reduced to zero. The final picture that would emerge at the end of the process of deposits and credit creation by the banking system is presented in the consolidated balance sheet of all banks are as below:- It can be seen from the combined balance sheet that a primary deposits of TZS10000 in a bank 1 leads to the creation of the total deposit of TZS100000. The combined balance sheet also shows that the banks have created a total credit of TZS100000 and maintained a total cash reserve of TZS10000 which equals the primary deposits. The total deposit created by the commercial banks constitutes the money supply by the banks. This process can be explained with a formula Total credit created = Original deposit x credit multiplier co-efficient. Credit multiplier co-efficient = 1/CRR = 1/10% = 1/10/100 = 10 CCR = Cash Reserve Ratio (10%) Total credit created = 10000 x 10 = 100000 NB: For the case of Tanzania, the reserve ratio (CRR) is 10% it may differ with other countries, for stance, India is 5%. The higher the CCR the lower the credits will be created and vice versa. 3.0FUNCTIONS OF CREDITS Credits play important roles in the economy, for as we all know that resources are scarce, it is impossible for a firm to have abundant of resources so in solving this problem of scarcity, individuals may opt to find loans or credits from various sources. Credits can be important in the following ways; Helps in transfer of money (resources) from those with surplus to those with deficit and want to spend more than they have. This help to relieve the constraint imposed by balanced budget on economic agent, to the financial requirement of investors who have to spend more on trade and investment than their own savings. It ensures better allocation of financial resources and there by encourage economic growth in the economy. Credit is of outstanding significance in the modern economic system. It plays a vital role in business finance. A major portion of the capital, particularly short-term capital is provided on credit. There is no question that credit can provide a smoother flow of money through an economy to ensure that periodic starts and stops are not affected by variations in the cash flow. This is particularly important to ensure smooth operation in many companies as well as for individuals. Furthermore, Purchasing Assets is one of the primary functions of loans is to help borrowers purchase assets. For individuals, this usually means buying a piece of property or a car or a similar large purchase. Businesses, on the other hand, have a wide variety of assets that they need, ranging from factory equipment to expensive computer software and hardware. Both individuals and organizations usually need to take out loans to buy these larger assets. In addition to that, credit helps in Investment; loans are made specifically for investment in stocks, bonds or other types of securities. Investment loans can come from a variety of sources. Sometimes brokerage firms will make loans available to investors so they can purchase extra securities. At other times, banks will make investment loans themselves, especially to businesses that are interested in growth or acquisitions. 4.0LIMITATIONS OF CREDIT CREATION The followings are the limitations or problems in credit creation; Amount of Cash: The power to create credit depends on the cash received by banks. If banks receive more cash, they can create more credit. If they receive less cash they can create less credit. Cash supply is controlled by the central bank of the country. Cash Reserve Ratio: All deposits cannot be used for credit creation. Banks must keep certain percentage of deposits in cash as reserve. The volume of bank credit depends also on the cash reserve ratio the banks have to keep. If the cash reserve ratio is increased, the volume of credit that the banks can create will fall. If the cash reserve ratio is lowered, the bank credit will increase. The Central Bank has the power to prescribe and change the cash reserve ratio to be kept by the commercial banks. Thus the central bank can change the volume of credit by changing the cash reserve ratio. Banking Habits of the People; the loan advanced to a customer should again come back into banks as primary deposit. Then only there can be multiple expansions. This will happen only when the banking habit among the people is well developed. They should keep their money in the banks as deposits and use cheques for the settlement of transactions. Nature of Business Conditions in the Economy: Credit creation will depend upon the nature of business conditions. Credit creation will be large during a period of prosperity, while it will be smaller during a depression. During periods of prosperity, there will be more demand for loans and advances for investment purposes. Many people approach banks for loans and advances. Hence, the volume of bank credit will be high. During periods of business depression, the amount of loans and advances will be small because businessmen and industrialists may not come to borrow. Hence the volume of bank credit will be low (Maliyamkono, and Bagachwa, 1990). Leakages in Credit-Creation: There may be some leakages in the process of credit creation. The funds may not flow smoothly from one bank to another. Some people may keep a portion of their amount as idle cash. 5.0 CONCLUSION The central bank of a country has responsibility of controlling the volume and direction of credit in the country. Bank credit has become these days an important constituent of the money supply in the country. The volume and direction of bank credit has an important bearing on the level of economic activity. Excessive credit will tend to generate inflationary pressure in the economy while deficiency of credit supply may tend to cause depression of deflation. Therefore, there must be balance in credit creation in order to have strong and growing economy. REFERENCES Ahuja H. L (2009); Macroeconomic Theory and Practice, 15th Revised edition, Rajendra Ravinda Printers PVT Ltd. New Delhi. Mudida, R. (2003). Modern Economics: Nairobi Focus publication Ltd. Maliyamkono, T.L. and M.S.D. Bagachwa, (1990), The Second economy in Tanzania Villiers Publications, London. http://www.ehow.com/info_7746614_functions-loans.html#ixzz2IBFRqK1bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank.

Emotions make the world go round Essay

Emotions are one of the unique traits of humans. Not all living things created by God were able to have emotions, only men are permitted to feel and express. Although animals have the ability to sense some things, it is not as powerful and as expressive as that of the humans. Human emotion speaks a thousand words†¦ in silent mode. What we have to understand when it comes to emotion is the reality that it comes from different factors which affects the cycle of emotion and feelings. Organism and environment has something to do with this but it is always linked to the question, â€Å"how do you feel? † which basically means that in emotions, feelings are essential (Kuhl, 1986). Do you ever wonder why a new born baby cries after his or her birth? Scientifically speaking, babies cry after birth because they are cold but there is a long story behind this one which we will not elaborate anymore. Looking in another aspect, away from science, babies cry because it signifies their ability to live. It serves as a sign that they are alive and it assures the people inside the delivery room about the baby’s existence. Looking at this situation through science’s perspective, an infant’s emotion is more likely associated with both conditioning and stimulation. Remember that around four (4) minutes before the baby is born, something happens inside his or her body which triggers the crying when the time to get out of the mother’s womb comes (Morley, 2002). On the other hand, when the baby is already born, we all know that the doctor taps the baby which ignites a little sense of feeling or sensitivity on the baby’s side. Therefore, conditioning and stimulation happens before and after the baby is born, thus, it is clear that there is really an effect both inside and outside the baby’s body. Although science can explain almost everything in life including emotions and feelings, in the end, it does not really matter that much when you were used in feeling and not thinking too much. Emotions are reactions in everything which happens to you. Others might associate it with adrenalin rush but thinking outside the box, emotions were proofs regarding your humanity. It is not the basis of weakness but instead, it is the sign that you are alive and doing well. Many people were not able to express their emotions like anger, fear happiness and sadness and decide to go to medical doctors for check ups. Perhaps, this is one proof that emotions are not just a thing in our life but ability. Works Cited Kuhl, J. (1986). Motivation and information processing: A new look at decision making, dynamic change, and action control. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds. ), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (pp. 404-434). Chichester: Wiley. Morly, G. M. (2002). Why Do Babies Cry? The Anatomical and Physiological Changes During the Moments After Birth. http://www. cordclamp. com/Why Do Babies Cr1. htm

The Glass Ceiling Research Paper Example

The Glass Ceiling Research Paper Example The Glass Ceiling Paper The Glass Ceiling Paper Despite the advances that have been made in creating equal employment opportunities, discrimination still exists. Minorities, women and the protected class members rise only so high but go no further; this may be described as the Glass Ceiling an invisible but real barrier to upward mobility. The Glass Ceiling is constructed from organisation culture, stereotype thinking and managerial attitudes. When an organisation precludes an individual from advancing as far as they can, both the organisation and the individuals lose. Shattering the glass ceiling would allow for the organisation to develop effective ways of eliminating foregoing mobility barriers, make greater use of selection plans and by moving away from casual, subjective methods (such as typical promotability ratings, quick reviews of personnel files, supervisory informal recommendations) and also pay close attention to the types of KSAOs necessary for advancements and establish programs to communicate these KSAOs to those employees. Disadvantages of the glass ceiling could be excessive turnover this may be a result of employees who find themselves in dead-end jobs or who discover that there are severely limited promotional opportunities, as a result employees are prone to leave the organisation. Another disadvantage would be increased recruiting costs, in that excessive turnover increases recruiting costs: constant and sometimes intensive efforts are required just to keep the position filled, if a companys reputation states that it lacks interest in the career of its employees, the recruiting task becomes more expensive and more difficult. Underutilization of talent may be another disadvantage, in that the absence of career-centered developmental activities that are available may not be used efficiently. Employees may be hired to do a particular job, with little or no thought given to other jobs for which they could be trained and developed. Employee dissatisfaction is also a disadvantage of the glass ceiling; this is a result of the employment expectations not being filled and so employees become de-motivated, unsatisfied and their productivity declines. Another disadvantage could be poor promotional decision based on favoritism, politics and other inconsequential factors rather than on performance, preparation and organisational needs. Moreover, when the wrong persons are promoted for the wrong reasons, it will place a negative impact on the organisation, due to their job performance. Other disadvantage includes Potential Discrimination where in the absence of formulized career planning and development, promotion decisions may tend to be made on the basis of non-relevant job factors (such as stereotype and friendships). Stymied Progression, where for every employee whose upward mobility is precluded, one or more other employees cannot progress because the employee whose progress is stymied blocks the promotion channel.  The consequence of not engaging in career planning and development has underscored the need for a formulized program. Career management should not be left to chance because the organisational risk of doing so is too great. Conclusion The selection of internal candidates follows a process very similar to the selection of external candidates as both methods includes a logic of prediction which states that indicators of a person degree of success in past situations should be predictive of how successful he or she will likely to be in new situations. This is applied and based on this information a selection plan is developed and implemented. One area in which there is a huge difference in internal and external methods is the nature of the predictor. Predictors used for internal selection tend to have greater depth and more relevance and are better suited for verification as a result there are often different types of predictors used for internal than for external selection decisions. The methods that were in selecting the internal candidates were the Initial Assessment Methods, Substantive Assessment Method and Discretionary Assessment Method, which occur at different stages in the selection process. The initial assessment methods that were used to narrow down the applicant pool to a qualified set of candidates were skills inventory, peer assessment, informal discussions and recommendations. The next method in the selection process is the Substantive Assessment method. This assessment is used to select finalists from the list of candidates. The predictors used for making this decision were seniority and experience, job knowledge tests, performance appraisal, promotability rating and lastly interview simulation. In order to narrow down to those who will receive job offers the discretionary assessment method is used. Multiple assessors are generally used with internal selection, simply put not only the hiring managers opinion are used to select who will receive the job but the views of others such as previous manager or top management.  In making job offers there are legal issues to be taken into consideration. Two areas for internal selection are the Uniformed Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedure (UGESP) and Glass ceiling. The UGESP ensures that internal selection methods are valid if adverse impact is occurring. Reference List Dessler G., (2005). Human Resource Management, 10th edition. Prentice Hall.  Heneman H. G. III Judge T, A., (2007). Staffing Organization, 5th edition. McGraw- Hill Irwin.

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion When coaching my college essay clients on how to write a college essay, I always tell them to talk about their real passion and to tell their real story – not to talk about what they think other people want them to talk about. In that vein, today, I’d like to share three of my favorite things with you. One is a recipe, one is a book, and one is a blender. They are all related. And they have little to do with job search or LinkedIn, but they have everything to do with commitment and passion. You could say this is what I might write about for a supplemental college essay, if I were writing one. One of the things that is most important to me in my life, besides writing and personal growth, is health and wellness. I’ve written articles that include kale references, and I blogged on July 17th about the value of regular exercise for productivity. What I put into my body is extremely important to me, and I’ve recently been excited by a book I stumbled across: Zero Belly Smoothies It was love at first sight, and have spent many a Saturday afternoon trying out the recipes that grace its pages. The book, which is now my smoothie bible, has not left its spot next to my Blendtec blender since I started my craze. Chocolate Decadence You might not know this, but smoothies are one of the best ways to get nutrients into your system – they make a great breakfast and are also the perfect replenishment after a workout. I drink them for both occasions! The best thing is that they can be both healthy and delicious. Did you know that you can put black beans, avocado, and banana in a smoothie and make it taste like a rich dessert, while getting 25g of protein? I didn’t, until a few weeks ago. And my life has been transformed. To share my joy over the above-mentioned potion, I’m giving it to you here. You can find this delectable recipe and more at Zero Belly Smoothie Recipes for Breakfast, Lunch and Dessert. RECIPE: Chocolate Decadence Smoothie 1/2 banana (preferably peeled and frozen) 1/4 ripe avocado, peeled, pitted, and quartered 1/4 cup black beans 1/2 cup unsweetened almond milk 1/4 cup chocolate plant-based protein powder 6 ice cubes Water to blend (optional) 300 calories, 9 g fat, 34 g carb, 11 g fiber, 9 g sugar, 25 g protein I also particularly like Zero Belly’s Velvety Elvis smoothie, which includes banana, spirulina, and almond butter. What a treat – and it looks like the ocean! But I can’t find it on the internet and dare not violate any copyrights. Plus I really think everyone with any interest in smoothie creations must buy the book. Of course, you’ll need a blender to do these recipes justice. Whole food smoothies, sadly, cannot be made by hand. Not a Blender Fan? You might be lamenting, â€Å"My blender smells like rubber anytime I make it work hard.† Or, â€Å"My blender is so hard to clean!† or â€Å"My blender leaves big chunks of food in my drink. ‘Smooth’ is the last word I’d use to describe the sludge my blender produces.† Or you might be saying mournfully, â€Å"I have an awesome blender I paid hundreds of dollars for and it’s sitting there on my kitchen counter, next to my unused juicer. I’ve given up.† If you have a Vitamix or Blendtec blender and it’s wasting away unutilized, it’s time to dust it off and get it cranking! If you have any other type of blender, and you are inspired to get serious about smoothies, it’s worth investing in a good one†¦ either a Vitamix or Blendtec. In my opinion, Blendtecs are the better value. I’ve had mine for years and love it more every day. Another advantage of smoothies is that you can freeze them and have your supply ready for the week; and if you’re on the go, they make a quick 1-minute meal. (I’m not a fan of savory â€Å"lunch† or â€Å"dinner† smoothies, but give those a try if you’re curious.) One of my favorite tricks is how to bring a smoothie onto an airplane (it starts as powder and turns into a nutrition-packed meal)! If you travel for work, bringing â€Å"smoothie packs† along with you is a great way to stay healthy while on the road. Ask me if you want to know more about that. Not Really a College Essay So I didn’t really write a college-essay-worthy essay here, since I would never want any student to give advice in a college application. But have I gotten my excitement across – and provided some insight on how to write a unique college essay? I hope so, and if I’ve transmitted any of that excitement to you, I’d be happy to share more of my favorite recipes privately. They might just change your life too. And if you want more advice on how to write a college essay, check out my article,  How to Write a Great College Application Essay: 2017-18 Common App Prompts, or check out my college admissions services  and work with me one-on-one.

Fashion marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion marketing - Essay Example It takes over other stores to enter a new market and because of the brand name, it is able to quickly settle in. (International Operations, 2008) As mentioned above, Wal-Mart has a simple strategy which it practices around the globe. This has been the reason why Wal-Mart hasn't been able to do well in Germany and China. The same strategy cannot be implemented across cultural and geographical boundaries. Despite the standard strategies around the world, Wal-Mart has to adapt to an extent like the low budget stores in Brazil and small subway stores in China. The global initiative does not support its marketing strategy very well in all regions, Wal-Mart needs to adapt and be flexible in order to be success. (International Operations, 2008) Currently it does not seem that Wal-Mart will be successful in Japan or German. To be successful, the management should study the local conditions of store chains that are functioning well and adopt a similar marketing strategy since learning is the best thing to do. Also Japan and Germany are very quality conscious thus the best thing is to give them high quality products at higher rates. And also before starting any operations, Wal-Mart should perform an extensive market research like the one being conducted in India. According to the conclusion th

REPORT ON TRANSITION PLACEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

REPORT ON TRANSITION PLACEMENT - Essay Example According to Hicks (2008), obesity is a major factor in developing diabetes. The latest trend in technology--automobiles as substitute for walking; video games in lieu of tag and hide and seek, has led more and more people to drop simple physical activities for machines that decrease work effort. In a study conducted across Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations, â€Å"...one in 2 adults is currently overweight and 1 in 6 is obese...† (Robb, 2010, n. pag.). Students working with specialist nursing specializing in diabetes will gain knowledge and understanding of the dynamics that surround the causes of diabetes. Knowledge on prevention of the said disease will help the student educate others in the aim of raising awareness and decreasing the incidence of the disease. Education and information dissemination will be the first step towards this goal; eventually leading towards lifestyle modification among the participants. Apart from education, the skills learned while working with the nurse specialist can be used in monitoring the blood glucose level, as well as drug therapy, of those diagnosed with the said disease. Blood sugar control and proper administration of drugs results in its desirable effects. These effects can range from symptom alleviation to prevention of complications such as heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease, and amputation (ADA, 2011). In a study conducted by Edwall et al. (2008), constant follow-up by nurse specialist enabled the patient to foster understanding and acceptance of their disease; which demonstrated a desirable effect on the patients’ manner of coping with the struggles associated with the illness. The positive outcome was brought about by the following aspects: â€Å"being confirmed, being guided within the disease process, becoming confident and independent and being relieved† (Edwall et al., 2008, n. pag.). The patie nts gained a sense of power over the disease and this gave them satisfaction. Knowledge of special care regimen will lead to a more effective nursing care. Specialization in this field will allow the student nurse to address the patients’ concern regarding their illness. According to Heitkemper and Bond (2004), specialist nurses can provide support and guidance that can enhance patient care, refine nursing practice, and invigorate the healthcare delivery systems. Reference American Diabetes Association. (2011). Diabetes statistics. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ Boyer, B., & Paharia, I. (Eds.). (2007). Comprehensive handbook of clinical health psychology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Edwall, L., Hellstrom, A., Ohrn, I., & Danielson, E. (2008). The lived experience of the diabetes nurse specialist regular check-ups, as narrated by patients with type 2 diabetes [Abstract]. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(6), 772-781. doi: 10.1111/j .1365-2702.2007.02015.x Heitkemper, M., & Bond, E. (2004). Clinical nurse specialist: State of profession and challenges ahead. Clinical Nurse Specialist: Journal for Advanced Nursing Practice, 18(3), 135-140. Retrieved from

Managing and Leading Strategic Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing and Leading Strategic Change - Essay Example However, the increase of the market share of Microsoft, the major competitor of IBM, led to the limitation of the power of IBM in the global market. Accenture plc and Hewlett Packard are other important competitors of IBM (Yahoo Finance 2011). The strategic plans of IBM have changed many times in order to support the increase of the firm’s competitiveness towards its rivals. In 2003-2004 a major restructuring of the firm’s supply chain management framework took place, aiming to enforce the firm’s competitiveness the support the increase of its profits. The above plan is analytically reviewed in this paper, as explained above, aiming to show the ability of the firm to monitor its operations and identify its weaknesses. Also, the willingness of the firm’s employees to support radical organizational changes – in order for the firm’s performance to be stabilized, is critically evaluated. 2. Strategic change in IBM 2.1 Key change plans in IBM As n oted above, the strategic plans of IBM have been periodically changed in order to align the organizational practices with the market trends and the customer needs. The last effort of such type has been developed in 2009 – when the firm established ‘the Business Analytics and Optimization (BAO) consulting service line’ (Soejarto 2009). ... 2005) aiming to keep its market share – against the industry’s major competitors, especially Microsoft. However, the above initiative did not led to the expected benefits – in 1993, the losses of the firm were estimated to $8 billion (Meyer et al. 2005). In 2003 the firm’s strategic planners identified important failures in the organization’s supply chain management strategies; efforts were made for updating existing supply chain management practices. The Integrated supply chain (ISC) has been a scheme introduced for helping towards the elimination of delays in the firm’s operations – as these delays were related to failures in the existing supply chain management framework (Paton et al. 2006). The update of the particular sector of the organization lasted for 2 years, 2003 and 2004 and led to the introduction of an integrated plan for managing the supply chain relations in all their aspects. The above change plan contributed in the im provement of the firm’s supply chain management. However, certain implications were not avoided, a fact that led to the limitation of the plan’s benefits – as planned by the initiators of the particular project. 2.2 Implications of change initiated in IBM Despite the fact that change, as part of IBM’s strategic planning process, has been traditionally aligned with the organizational needs and the market conditions, still, the effectiveness of the relevant plans is rather limited – at least compared to the resources engaged and the preparation made for the particular initiatives. The reasons for the delays in the development of the organization’s performance need to be identified and evaluated; also, the potential failures in the plans of change, as promoted in the

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder Aims: Outlines the nature of behavioural aspects of children’s sleep and how these might be addressed by behaviour therapy. Clinical considerations concerned with the use of behavioural therapy are also highlighted. Consider behavioural aspects (ie, learned behaviours) and their relevance for our understanding of children’s sleep patterns and management of their sleep disorders. Increase awareness of how behavioural factors may play a role in the development and treatment of wide-ranging paediatric sleep disorders and to discuss clinical considerations relevant to management planning and decisions about whether to refer a child for specialist behavioural therapy. Classification: International Classification of Sleep Disorders of ‘‘behavioural insomnia of childhood’’:Â  (present with difficulty settling to sleep, nightwaking and/or early waking difficulties) Overall prevalence rates of 30% ‘‘inappropriate sleep onset associations’’ (ie, where the child has not learnt to fall asleep without a set of problematic or demanding conditions such as parents’ being present), ‘ ‘limit-setting sleep disorder’’ (ie where the care giver demonstrates insufficient or inappropriate limit-setting to establish appropriate sleep behaviour in the child) ‘‘combined’’subtype where these two problems co-exist. 25–50% of 6–12-month olds have difficulty settling to sleep or waking in the night do not decrease with age: by age 3 years, 25–30% have sleeplessness problems With similar percentages reported for the 3–5-year age group, 43% of 8–10-year olds 23% of 10– 17-year olds. These problems are not transient; an epidemiological study of a cohort of 5-year olds suggested that sleeping problems at age 5 years were significantly associated with sleeping difficulties at age 6 months (or before) and that children with sleep problems at age 5 years were more likely to have sleeping problems at 10 years. Over 80 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, which are divided into six main categories: insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnia of central origin, circadian rhythm disorders (ex. Delayed sleep phase syndrome) parasomnias (ex. Sleep terrors, nightmares) Helped by beh therapy. sleep-related movement disorder (ex. nocturnal headbanging) (in preliminary reports) Behavioural Interventions: Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus, which evokes the desired behavioural response until, after multiple pairings, the neutral stimulus alone is sufficient to elicit the desired behaviour; thus behaviours are conditioned to be elicited by antecedent conditions. Operant conditioning involves the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behaviour. The particular intervention strategy used will vary depending on family and child factors and the nature of the sleep disturbance one hopes to address. General Principles: (The more consistently these principles are applied, the easier it will be for the child to learn) Behaviour can be encouraged by linking it with an antecedent stimulus, which serves to trigger the desired behaviour. Reinforcement- Behaviour is likely to recur if the consequences of the behaviour were reinforcing for the child. (Can be pos or neg) Extinction, or removing reinforcement (eg, drinks, parental presence, attention) maintaining the undesired behaviour (eg, crying, refusal to settle to sleep without the above) can be achieved gradually or abruptly. Shaping- A new behaviour can be encouraged by rewarding a series of responses that more and more closely resemble the desired behaviour. Punishment- Behaviour is less likely to occur if followed by a punishing consequence. (Can be pos or neg) Rewards Success On the basis of controlled empirical data, behavioural approaches are viewed as the first-line treatment of choice for this type of sleep disorder, because they have none of the potential associated negative side effects of sedative hypnotics,20 and a systematic review suggests that, long term, they are more effective. The relative efficacy of specific behavioural strategies or components of behaviour therapy has been less well investigated so details of any behavioural plan should be explored in the context of collaborative therapy, considering the practical and emotional resources of individual families. The developmental stage of the child is also an important consideration—for example, some strategies require the child to have verbal abilities of a particular level, and reinforcement programmes are likely to be particularly important for older children. To note It should, of course, be noted that the effective use of behaviour therapy does not necessarily indicate that the sleep disturbance is behavioural in origin or being maintained by behavioural factors. Behaviour therapy may play a role in the management of disorders that are of definite organic origin. (ex. behavioural therapy including planned naps, appropriate sleep routines and well-defined 24 h schedules may have a role in management of narcolepsy, a hypersomnia of central origin, or facilitate compliance with continuous positive airways pressure therapy for children who require this form of intervention for sleep-disordered breathing). Behavioural therapy has been used successfully with a number of special populations who are at increased risk of severe and long-standing sleep disorders for a range of biological and psychological reasons. That this form of intervention does not rely on the use of verbal skills makes it especially appropriate for use with children with intellectual disabilities. Delivering behavioural therapy in a brief, booklet form (with obvious economic implications) has been found to be as successful as behaviour therapy delivered face-to face in managing the sleeplessness problems of infants with intellectual disabilities. Further considerations There is a need for development of behavioural models specific to different types of sleep disturbance, and for children of various ages, to further understanding about the development and maintenance of sleep disturbance and to suggest therapeutic strategies for evaluation. Consideration for clinicians is that multiple sleep disorders may coexist, and so behaviourally based sleep disorders may be present in children with other sleep disorders of more physiological origin or arise as a secondary problem. It may be necessary to use multiple forms of treatment to address individual sleep disorders. It may also be appropriate to combine treatments in the management of one sleep disorder. (ex. Beh interventions melatonin) Although behaviour therapy delivered in conventional face to-face format may have apparent drawbacks in terms of the time and cost of implementing the interventions, the potential to prevent long-standing sleeping difficulties and their associated problems (which, as outlined above, may include adultmental health problems) is likely to far outweigh the limitations in both economic and social terms, at both the societal and personal level. Ensuring that families can access appropriate support and advice should be a service priority, and investigation of how to improve access (eg, with brief forms of treatment, low-cost delivery methods, identifying active therapeutic components and their efficacy for particular groups of children and different sleep disorders) should be key research targets for the future.

On the Rainy River Essay -- Literary Analysis, OBrien

Life can bring unexpected events that individuals might not be prepared to confront. This was the case of O’Brien in the story, â€Å"On the Rainy River† from the book The Things They Carried. As an author and character O’Brien describes his experiences about the Vietnam War. In the story, he faces the conflict of whether he should or should not go to war after being drafted. He could not imagine how tough fighting must be, without knowing how to fight, and the reason for such a war. In addition, O’Brien is terrified of the idea of leaving his family, friends and everything he loves behind. He decides to run away from his responsibility with the society. However, a feeling of shame and embarrassment makes him go to war. O’Brien considers himself a coward for doing something he does not agree with; on the other hand, thinking about the outcome of his decision makes him a brave man. Therefore, an individual that considers the consequences of his acts is nobler than a war hero. The Vietnam War was a conflict that many people did not comprehend. In fact, the war was atrocious and bloody. According to The Vietnam War: a History in Documents, 58,000 US soldier died and more than 700,000 came back with physical and emotional marks (Young, Fitzgerald & Grunfeld 147). For many Americans this war was meaningless. In the same way, O’Brien admits, â€Å"American war in Vietnam seemed to me wrong; certain blood was being shed for uncertain reason† (40). O’Brien believes the war was not significance. Furthermore, the lack of logic in the matter makes him confused about going to war. That’s why, he does not understand why he was sent to fight a war for which causes and effects were uncertain. The author continues by saying, â€Å"I was too good for... ...hermore, going to war was an act of cowardice. He had to put aside his morals and principles and fight a war he did not believe in. Overall, the author showed us the courageous and coward s acts of O’Brien the character. The fact that he was a coward made him do a heroic act. O’Brien made the valiant decision to go to war. It would have been easier and cowardly to jump and swim away from all his fears. However he decided to turn back, and fight for something he did not believe in. Thinking about the consequences of running away makes him a hero. He went to war not because he wanted to fight for his country, but for his own freedom. Either choice he could have made would take some kind of courage to carry out. Going to war required some sort of fearlessness. In other words, running away from the law would have been brave; but going to war was even tougher.

Is Banning Books Constitutional? Essay

The Catcher in the Rye. The Scarlet Letter. Huckleberry Finn. Harry Potter. The Diary of Anne Frank. Animal Farm. To Kill a Mockingbird. The Da Vinci Code. The Grapes of Wrath. These literary classics have been vital to the education of many, especially children and adolescents (Banned Books). These great novels both teach important values and educate children about world affairs and classic themes. Unfortunately, each of these novels has been banned at one point in time. In a country where freedom is so adamantly advocated, it is a wonder that an issue like censorship would even come up, that such a controversy would sink its claws into the minds of states’ boards of education across the nation. Censorship is a needless restriction placed on developing minds that need the morals and values that banned books can give. Many of these classic stories have been banned because of sexual references, racial slurs, religious intolerance, or supposed witchcraft promotion. Although some may consider these books controversial or inappropriate, many English classes have required their students to read these books (About banned). It should be believed that even controversial books could ultimately boost, not deter, our educational wealth. Book banning should be opposed for three main reasons: education should be open to everyone, citizens should have access to the press, and, lastly, parents should monitor what their own children read and not what other children can obtain. For these reasons, I conclude that the government should play no role in what books any age group can obtain. At first glance, the debate over banning books appears unimportant. Nevertheless, this debate has divided our nation into those who favor censoring books to protect their impressionable adolescents, and those who argue that education should be open for everybody without interference from the government in restricting the publishing and accessing of these books. The author, Micah Issitt, argues that censoring books violates the First Amendment, stating, â€Å"Citizens must be free to seek out any media, regardless of content, that they deem appropriate for entertainment, information, or education.† (Kelly) All citizens should have the choice to read whatever they want, but should not have the right to dictate what others may read. If a person considers a book inappropriate or offensive, then he or she does not have to read it, but to someone else, that same book may be exactly what he or she needs to move beyond ignorance and into the world of the informed and educated. By being exposed to new ideas and information through reading and various styles of expression, young adults have the opportunity to learn tolerance, acceptance and respect for others. He or she learns to form his or her own opinion and learns how to understand the world a little more. In a country such as the United States, it is the right of the people to respectfully share their views through the spoken or written. It is also the right of the people to listen and acknowledge such views. It is not only immoral to oppose certain books and prevent children and young adults from reading them, but it can be construed as unconstitutional. If anyone had the right to challenge â€Å"inappropriate† books, it would be the parents of the â€Å"susceptible† children being protected. Parents are the only adults responsible for what kinds of book their children digest. Only they can know what may be suitable and what their children can handle. â€Å"Even though not every book will be right for every reader, the ability to read, speak, think and express ourselves freely are core American values,† states Barbara Jones, director of the American Library Association Office for Intellectual Freedom. â€Å"Protecting one of our most fundamental rights- the free dom to read- means respecting each other’s differences and the right of all people to choose for themselves, what they and their families read.† So, how is it that boards of education are the ones making decisions on books? Which ones should be censored? What right do they have to do so? The boards are not the ones who should be held accountable for what books children and adolescents absorb; this is primarily the responsibility of parents. Many conservative groups make the argument that the books that have been banned have material that is inappropriate, immoral or contradicting the beliefs they have ingrained in their children and/or their society. Book-banning cases usually concern the protection of children and their innocence, but all that is happening is sheltering parents trying to avoid an awkward confrontation with their child about uncomfortable matters. It is not only selfish, but also harmful to the overall education of their children. The touchy subjects of banned books contain issues that are part of everyday life, and for a group to attempt to censor this subject from younger society is almost absurd; these issues are not monstrous and the censorship of them not only shows prejudice but lack of respect. Others would say that it is the government’s duty to regulate these books. It is the exact opposite of the government’s role- the private lives of U.S. citizens and the books they read should be regulated and controlled at his or her own digression. (Banned books) Topics that seem socially outlawed in public have been banned because their immoral content may have a negative affect on younger children. In these books, authors do not promote or encourage bad behaviors; they prepare their readers for some of the real world’s challenges. Even though these books center around scary topics, they are educating children on real-life matters that they will be exposed to once they venture into the world themselves. With the knowledge that some of these books have to offer, children can learn how not to act and what can be the consequences if they do misbehave. Banning books not only hinders a child’s educational development but also leaves them unaware of the true state of the world. This learning experience could be a turn-around with the help of a parent and pass a positive affect on to the child. Books do not simply impart general information; they heavily influence a child, the future generation. Without regular access to books, both adults and children could not form sound opinions, only narrow-minded ones. Both advocates and opposers of book banning agree, â€Å"Books are powerful instruments.† (Kelly) Any person should remain free to select his or her reading material. This personal issue of selecting reading material has no relation to the government. On the contrary, government and school board action interferes with the individual education, a primary American value. Ultimately, children can learn personal responsibility in determining which books to regard and which to discard. In the future, these children will become well-educated adults who can benefit the American society. â€Å"Banned Books and Censorship–A Closer Look at Book Banning.† BooksAtoZ. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jul 2012. . Kelly, Melissa. â€Å"Censorship and Book Banning in America.† About.com. New York Times, n.d. Web. 15 Jul 2012. . â€Å"About Banned & Challenged Books.† American Library Association. ALA, n.d. Web. 15 Jul 2012. . â€Å"Banned and Challenged Classics.† American Library Association. ALA, n.d. Web. 19 Jul 2012. .